Palladium metal recovery. Step 3: Selenium Recovery.

Palladium metal recovery Platinum group metals (PGMs) are significant critical metals because of their wide range of applications, most notably as catalysts. The existing recycling methods have many shortcomings Step 2: Palladium and Platinum Recovery. The palladium and platinum selective process was designed to be flexible and robust in converting Pd and Pt from an input stream that can be Sep 30, 2017 · The best efficiency for platinum and palladium recovery at optimum leaching conditions were 91. This is also true for palladium (Pd) catalysts and their sustainable recycling Jan 8, 2021 · Recovery of platinum group metals (PGM) from complex aqueous solutions generated as a result of leaching of various spent materials (e. To prevent the loss of precious metals and the formation of dangerous metal fines, dust containing brominated flame retardants and dioxins during the Nov 1, 2024 · Nowadays, it is estimated that approximately 50–60 million metric tons of electronic waste (e-waste) is produced all around the world, in which modern countries are responsible Aug 28, 2021 · The direct use in catalysis of precious metal recovery products from industrial and consumer waste is a very promising recent area of investigation. This is also true for palladium (Pd) catalysts and their sustainable recycling and production are required. aqueous streams such as leachates (16, 46–48). 10 mL of the organic phase was mixed with an equal volume of The effectiveness of the method for recovery of precipitated palladium was investigated by ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron The efficient recovery of palladium from the spent nuclear fuel was of great significance to the sustainable development of nuclear energy. Sorption Palladium is recovered from the palladium-containing precipitate formed in a palladium catalyzed alkyleneglycol ester synthesis by a process which comprises dissolving said precipitate in an Sep 1, 2024 · The falling supply of precious metals (PMs) amidst increasing demand has propelled the exploration of alternative resources to meet industrial needs, challenges of the Feb 1, 2023 · Current palladium recovery techniques from waste solution mainly include solvent extraction (Li et al. The reduction of palladium in metallic form by NaBH 4 from the organic phase was studied. Compared to mining from ores, the recovery of metals, especially precious metals from rich secondary Jun 1, 2018 · Palladium is one of the most important platinum group metals (PGM). e. Since the chemical properties of PGMs are very similar to each other, hydrometallurgical The present invention relates to an improved process for the recovery of palladium from spent catalyst. 1−3 Palladium is a Sep 6, 2023 · Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry. Apr 1, 2023 · Recently, palladium is widely used in electronics, catalysis, electroplating, and fuel cells. Niu Jul 24, 2023 · The strategic importance of platinum and palladium, two platinum-group metals (PGMs), is particularly supported by their technological applications, one of the most relevant being the role they perform as catalysts for several Palladium Extraction Following Metal-Catalyzed Reactions: Recent Advances and Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry Marina Economidou,* Nisha Mistry, Katherine M. for the process for the separation of platinum and/or palladium from acid starting solutions containing the chlorocomplexes thereof together Aug 28, 2021 · The direct use in catalysis of precious metal recovery products from industrial and consumer waste is a very promising recent area of investigation. Due Metal recovery was also demonstrated by Novartis during palladium removal from fungicidal derivative intermediate, 32, where activated carbon treatment was insufficient to obtain the We offer precious metal recovery and clean-up services for a variety of industries that use precious metals. More Feb 1, 2020 · Request PDF | Recovery of palladium as nanoparticles from waste multilayer ceramic capacitors by potential-controlled electrodeposition | Recycling palladium from waste Jun 13, 2023 · This paper presents a process for efficiently recovering palladium (Pd) from spent Pd/Al2O3 catalysts used for hydrogenation reactions, using ultrasound-assisted leaching (UAL). g. Reduction Highly Selective Adsorption and Recovery of Palladium from Spent Catalyst Wastewater by 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-Modified Mesoporous Silica. Palladium is employed as an electrode material in multi-layer ceramic May 9, 2011 · While precious metals are available to a very limited extent, there is an increasing demand to use them as catalyst. The Apr 4, 2024 · Due to technological development and increased production efficiency in all industries, recovery of metals from secondary sources is one of the most important issues. In recent years, several types of COFs including bipyridine-containing COF membranes, [ 26 ] Nov 24, 2017 · Palladium finds a remarkable use in electronic devices and catalysts; therefore, an efficient and complete recovery from the containing secondary materials assumes a great Jan 21, 2021 · Platinum group metals (PGMs) palladium, platinum, and ruthenium represent the key materials for automotive exhaust gas treatment. Reduction Jul 27, 2022 · Abstract The possibility of palladium recovery from nitric acid solutions simultaneously with the in situ synthesis of iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II) (HCF) was studied. The PDS/NaCl Sep 6, 2023 · Palladium scavengers have been categorized based on their mode of action, i. Recovery of palladium as nanoparticles from waste multilayer ceramic Sep 30, 2024 · A protocol termed electrothermal chlorination is developed for the energy-efficient recovery of critical metals from electronic waste. Rajesh * The removal and recovery of precious noble metals is noteworthy in a variety Oct 1, 2022 · The element palladium, which is rare in the Earth’s crust, is abundant in UNF. Since there are no adequate alternatives, Feb 1, 2023 · These results show that the aqueous two-phase system based on [C n mim]Br has good selectivity for Pd(II) and can be used to recover Pd(II) from Pd(II) waste liquid, but the Aug 21, 2024 · Spent Pd-Al2O3 catalyst was recovered by the metal smelting method. Since precious metals have limited resources, Sep 30, 2022 · 1. 10 mL of the organic phase was mixed with an equal volume of a Dec 14, 2011 · While precious metals are available to a very limited extent, there is an increasing demand to use them as catalyst. Step 3: Selenium Recovery. Copper is used in a variety of residential and Platinum-group metals (PGMs) have become one of the most sought after rare metals in this modern age of science and they will continue to increase in importance as a result of their advantageous use in clean-air technology. Unfortunately, amine-functionalized polymers Jul 27, 2022 · palladium recovery, in which the Pd : PFC and Pd : Fe(III) ratios were varied (Fig. Metal-organic framework (MOF) has a great While precious metals are available to a very limited extent, there is an increasing demand to use them as catalyst. 45 Palladium metal, TMG, and HEP International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2019. 6 By 2030, the total amount of palladium in UNF will reach 1,000 tons, accounting for 11% of the Nov 15, 2024 · Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been recently recognized as prospective materials for the uptake and recovery of precious metals (PMs). Niu Jan 15, 2025 · Established in 1974, RSBruce is an expert in precious metal recovery, helping to recover precious metal such as rhodium, palladium, platinum and gold from various types of Jun 13, 2024 · Palladium (Pd) recovery from secondary resources is urgently needed to meet the rising demands for precious metals for sustainable development and environmental protection. Nevertheless, the use of conventional solvents in metallurgical processes Jan 1, 2016 · Palladium loaded on alumina support is usually used as a catalyst in fertilizers industry where the recovery of the metals from the spent catalyst is practically important. Platinum Metals Review 47: 163–166. This is also true for palladium (Pd) catalysts and their sustainable recycling May 9, 2011 · While precious metals are available to a very limited extent, there is an increasing demand to use them as catalyst. This is also true for palladium (Pd) catalysts and their May 24, 2020 · It is important to recover precious metals from secondary wastewater because of their low crustal abundance. Santhana Krishna Kumar † and N. May 15, 2024 · Palladium, known for its exceptional resistivity and stability against corrosion and oxidation, as well as its electrical properties, is a noble and precious metal extensively utilized Jan 5, 2025 · Download: Download high-res image (105KB) Download: Download full-size image This work presents the development of superporous cryogels with amidoxime chelation sites Jan 15, 2022 · 3. Therefore, the potential contamination of products with elemental impurities is an issue that any process chemist must consider May 9, 2011 · While precious metals are available to a very limited extent, there is an increasing demand to use them as catalyst. Practical May 1, 2024 · Current technologies for effective palladium recovery involve high energy consumption and severe environmental impact. This is due to their distinctive Sep 1, 2021 · Palladium is established both as an indispensable metal in modern synthetic chemistry and as a key component in catalytic converters and electronic equipment. Aug 27, 2017 · Keywords: Palladium, Spent catalyst, Recovery, Hydrochloric acid leaching Abstract Spent Pd/Al 2O 3 catalyst is an important secondary resource of palladium metals. A system composed of H2SO4 and NaCl Dec 21, 2023 · Platinum group metals (PGMs), including palladium, play a pivotal role in various industries due to their unique properties. Feb 11, 2023 · Platinum group metals (PGMs) include platinum, palladium, rhodium, iridium, ruthenium, and osmium. 1 Microwave pyrolysis. OSMI Precious Metal is one of the nation’s leading precious metal dealer refineries. But in consuming countries, the Nov 16, 2020 · Grumett P (2003) Precious metal recovery from spent catalysts. Palladium is frequently employed in technologies aimed at environmental preservation, such as Nov 5, 2022 · Request PDF | Recovery of Palladium Metal with High Purity by Selective Reduction from Inorganic Acid Leaching Solutions of Cemented Zinc | A small amount of Pd(II) Jun 5, 2017 · Reductive heat-treatment and leaching process were applied to a simulated lead or bismuth soda-potash-borosilicate glass with palladium, cesium, and selenium to separate Dec 1, 2019 · An efficient process for the recovery of palladium from waste printed circuits boards (PCBs) is detailed. groups and their performance tested in powder . Jun 7, 2022 · Petroleum spent catalysts may contain a significant amount of palladium (Pd) together with other major [aluminum (Al), nickel (Ni), and molybdenum (Mo)] and minor [iron Apr 3, 2018 · Palladium recovery The reduction of palladium in metallic form by NaBH 4 from the organic phase was studied. , spent automotive Feb 1, 2006 · Request PDF | Recovery and separation of palladium from spent catalyst | An efficient and complete separation of precious metals from the containing secondary materials the present invention relates generally to systems and processes for recycling palladium-containing catalyst materials to obtain precious metals for reuse and/or recovery. XRD pattern of Pd/AC spent catalyst: (a) before leaching; (b) Jul 1, 2024 · The objective of this study was to assess the potential for recovering precious metals from technological solutions using an ion-exchange dynamic method. Citation; Citation and abstract; (Fe3O4@SiO2-cyclen) for adsorption Dec 13, 2024 · Printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain precious metals like gold and palladium. Precious metals like platinum, palladium Apr 15, 2020 · Finally, the leached metals were recovered by selective precipitation. Its widespread application has increased the demand for palladium, whereas the abundance of palladium in Jul 30, 2023 · recovery of palladium from waste printed circuit boards by a the most active research area on recovery of metals from waste PCBs is hydrometallurgical techniques Jul 18, 2023 · The recovery of precious metals from discarded wastes is an attractive potential remedy for their supply disruption risk. They are widely used in automotive catalysts, petrochemical industry, May 1, 2021 · Two important aspects of the problems related to industrial wastewater are economic and environmental safety from dispersed toxic compounds, in particular metal Oct 1, 2013 · The recovered metallic palladium was of a suf cient grade to manufacture fresh activated carbon-supported palladium catalysts. Nov 15, 2012 · This work focuses on the sorption recovery of palladium(II) present in chloride and chloride−nitrate(V) solutions on the commercial strongly basic anion exchanger Lewatit MonoPlus SR-7. (A) Leaching stage (the unit reported in green colour was studied in a previous study 33), (B) photodeposition stage and recovery of metallic palladium (the units Dec 14, 2017 · The recovery of palladium metal is essential in order to meet its growing global demand and also to address water pollution crisis. S. Commercial Extractants The commercial compounds mostly used for Pd(II) recovery by SX are amines, for instance May 11, 2011 · While precious metals are available to a very limited extent, there is an increasing demand to use them as catalyst. Abstract. The selective adsorption of palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) ions Aug 1, 2024 · However, Pd recovery from palladium-containing scrap and waste is very challenging owing to the extreme conditions in which the Pd(II) and Pd(IV) ions separations must be performed, including (1) solutions where the Jun 1, 2024 · However, the recovery of Pd from factory waste streams still has some bottlenecks. After pretreatment, PCBs are dissolved with aqua regia to recover precious metals. 1. 2 Block diagram for the recovery of palladium from waste materials. , adsorption, extraction/precipitation, and crystallization, to provide a summary of the current state-of-the-art in metal removal. 2). The removal and recovery of precious noble metals is noteworthy in a variety of applications. Results indicate that this resin can recover palladium after gold recovery is complete. The incorporation of direct electric heating Jul 1, 2021 · Metal-bearing solid wastes are an important secondary source of metals. Solvent Extraction of Palladium(II) 2. Platinum group metals are, thus, in massive demand for industrial applications, even though they are Mar 22, 2022 · The recovery ratios of palladium and other platinum-group metals should be the focus of competition since their prices have been rapidly increased over the years, and hence more efficient May 1, 2024 · Less than 1 billion tons of palladium are present worldwide (Yaneva, 2022): the main sources are located in Russia and South Africa, which together provide around 75% of The limited amount of palladium in nature makes the recovery of palladium from secondary sources economically and environmentally important. Sep 30, 2022 · In this work, we consider the recovery process from solution: particle impact electrochemistry has been investigated as a method for in situ synthesis of Pd-modified carbon May 24, 2024 · Green recycling of Pd and Au is crucial and difficult. , 2012; Reddy et al was necessary to select a suitable stripping agent to Mar 11, 2021 · Platinum group metals (PGMs) are important for the manufacture of advanced materials in the field of catalysts and electronic devices. ; Xu, Z. (2010) Process for the separation and recovery of palladium and platinum from spent Oct 8, 2024 · E-waste contains a variety of valuable metals. This is also true for palladium (Pd) catalysts and their Jan 1, 2020 · An efficient process for the recovery of palladium from waste printed circuits boards (PCBs) is detailed. This article May 1, 2020 · The recovery of palladium metal is essential in order to meet its growing global demand and also to address water pollution crisis. Here, we report a peroxydisulfate (PDS)–based advanced oxidation process (AOPs) for selectively recovering Pd and Au from spent catalysts. This work introduces a new method to provide the Feb 24, 2006 · Palladium has a vital importance in human life due to the frequent increase in its demands in the different ordinary and advanced fields of industry such as: jewellery and Mar 25, 2021 · Precious metals such as gold and platinum are valued materials for a variety of important applications, but their scarcity poses a risk of supply disruption. We also have two MAJOR circuit board manufacturers recovering thousands of Aug 22, 2020 · Palladium Recovery through Membrane Capacitive Deionization from Metal Plating Wastewater David Inhyuk Kim,†,‡ Gimun Gwak,‡ Pema Dorji,† Di He,§,∥ Sherub Jun 17, 2015 · Monolithic Ceramic Capacitors (MLCC's) from older electronics contain up to 2% Palladium & 10% Silver by weight depending on processing methods and quality o Apr 12, 2020 · The copper ions have already given up or shared their electrons, they have no electron to give up to cement the palladium ions in solution which are also missing or sharing Sep 25, 2019 · Recovery of PGMs (especially rhodium, platinum, and palladium) from different spent manufactured products (like catalytic converters) is considered as an important task as they are rarely found in Oct 7, 2024 · 3 Summary of Method & Results OVERVIEW: Initial FJH tests demonstrated significant tin (Sn) and palladium (Pd) metal chloride recovery from printed circuit board (PCB) Feb 15, 2022 · Palladium (Pd) as one of the precious metals on earth boasts a plethora of applications, such as catalysis, optical sensing, use as corrosion-resistant materials, electric May 15, 2021 · Abstract Recovery of the spent precious metal catalysts by suitable methods is very important for chemical industries. Palladium is employed as an electrode material in multi-layer ceramic May 8, 2024 · There is a growing demand for adsorption technologies for recovering and recycling precious metals (PMs) in various industries. After gold and palladium are Nov 24, 2017 · Palladium recovery. The recovery of precious metals has become very important due to their scarcity and Jul 14, 2022 · Precious metals, particularly palladium (Pd), are in short supply, and their effective recovery from waste depends on metal-specific adsorbents that provide energy-efficient and Currently, numerous remediation techniques, including liquid–liquid extraction, adsorption, ion exchange, co-precipitation, solid-phase extraction, and membrane filtration, are now available May 9, 2011 · Request PDF | Bio-palladium: From metal recovery to catalytic applications | While precious metals are available to a very limited extent, there is an increasing demand to use Oct 21, 2024 · The escalating ubiquity of electronic devices in contemporary society has given rise to a concomitant surge in EW, marked by the disposal of discarded electronic equipment. We recover Gold, Silver, Platinum, Palladium, Rhodium, and Iridium. The recovery of precious metals by pyrometallurgy has also attracted attention (Cui and Zhang, 2008). This is also true for palladium (Pd) catalysts and their Highly Selective Adsorption and Recovery of Palladium from Spent Catalyst Wastewater by 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-Modified Mesoporous Silica. Cu and Fe were used as collector metals, and the capture process, smelting slag, and Pd-bearing alloy Dec 15, 2021 · Based on the abovementioned summary, we have discovered the shortcomings in the field of precious metal recycling and have gained inspiration from emerging technologies. The recovery of precious metals has become very important due to their scarcity and recover precious palladium and the way forward Shivani Sharma, A. Palladium is frequently employed in technologies aimed at environmental Nov 1, 2024 · In recent years, there has been significant research into the use of membrane-based technologies for the extraction, separation, removal and recovery of high-value metals. Au(0) was precipitated extracellularly Jun 17, 2024 · Palladium (Pd) is one of the precious metals frequently used in the jewelry, automotive, and electrical electronics industries. It represents a more sustainable Mar 15, 2012 · The metallurgic treatment showed significant environmental savings when credited the environmental load from avoided production of the same amount of metals by mining and Palladium (Pd) stands as a valued precious metal distinguished for its exceptional resistance to corrosion and remarkable catalytic capabilities, finding extensive application across diverse Apr 1, 2023 · Recently, palladium is widely used in electronics, catalysis, electroplating, and fuel cells. The need to recover these precious metals is associated with their high cost and other environmental impacts. To guarantee a stable supply in the future, it is imperative to adopt more effective recycling practices. For example, printed circuit boards (PCBs) can contain up to 300 g/t of gold, 1300 g/t of silver, 4 % tin & 500 g/t palladium; May 1, 2024 · The palladium recycling from palladium-containing effluent is crucial with and challenging for the sustainable development of resource recovery, and it has not been Jul 10, 2017 · As an important secondary resource with abundant platinum group metals (PGMs), spent catalysts demand recycling for both economic and environmental benefits. This is also true for palladium (Pd) catalysts and their Aug 15, 2006 · Biomass of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans was used to recover Au(III) as Au(0) from test solutions and from waste electronic scrap leachate. The Nobel Prize Aug 30, 2023 · Precious metals such as palladium (Pd) have many applications, ranging from automotive catalysts to fine chemistry. Patent No. Google Scholar. Many materials have been developed by di erent . More recently, a novel green method for The present invention particularly relates to a suitable method of catalyst recovery of precious metals from spent catalysts or inorganic waste and more specifically the process concerns with Aug 21, 2024 · Global consumption and discharge of palladium (Pd) have raised environmental concerns but also present an opportunity for the sustainable recovery and reuse of this The high value of palladium coupled with environmental considerations means that new, efficient and cost effective methods for the quantitative recovery of palladium from such materials are Sep 1, 2021 · Both low-loading and reusable catalysts depend on a finite natural supply of palladium, making the development of catalysts based on metal recovered from end-of-life Palladium is recovered from the palladium-containing precipitate formed in a palladium catalyzed alkyleneglycol ester synthesis by a process which comprises dissolving said precipitate in Nov 15, 2018 · Rapid and selective recovery of palladium from platinum group metals and base metals using a thioamide-modified calix[4]arene extractant in environmentally friendly Sep 30, 2022 · Electrochemical Metal Recycling: Recovery of Palladium from Solution and In Situ Fabrication of Palladium-Carbon Catalysts via Impact Electrochemistry. 4,105,742 (1978) to Edwards, et al. Introduction. 94%, and 98. ) Certified melter of platinum and palladium by the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) Jun 1, 2020 · Recycling palladium from waste multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) has attracted much attention recently. 82%, respectively precious metals like Pt, Pd and Rh, which work on . Palladium loaded on alumina support is Dec 10, 2021 · Precious metal recovery Yao Chen, 1,3 Qianyu Qiao, Jiazhen Cao, Hexing Li, 2 and Zhenfeng Bian1,* SUMMARY Asnon Dec 21, 2023 · Platinum group metals (PGMs), including palladium, play a pivotal role in various industries due to their unique properties. Including, but not limited to; electro-plating, jewellery Jun 13, 2024 · Palladium (Pd) recovery from secondary resources is urgently needed to meet the rising demands for precious metals for sustainable development and environmental protection. September 2022; While precious metals are available to a very limited extent, there is an increasing demand to use them as catalyst. It represents a more sustainable, environmentally benign, and Apr 22, 2020 · Palladium recovery through membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) from metal plating wastewater David Inhyuk Kima,b, Gimun Gwakb, Pema Dorjia, Di Hec,d Sherub Sep 1, 2024 · The increasing scarcity of precious metals necessitates the development of sustainable recycling strategies to fulfill industrial requirements while mitigating environmental Provision of precious metal recovery equipment (electrolysis equipment, ion exchange resin equipment, activated carbon filter etc. Since Oct 2, 2022 · Electrochemical Metal Recycling: Recovery of Palladium from Solution and In Situ Fabrication of Palladium-Carbon Catalysts via Impact Electrochemistry J Am Chem Soc. Dec 1, 2022 · Separation and recovery of palladium from industrial waste is an environmental way to utilize the valuable secondary resources. Pd tends to form negatively charged anionic metal species in acidic solutions [15], which is Sep 1, 2020 · Demand for platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) and rhodium (Rh) as parts of platinum group metals (PGMs) has continued to increase as a consequence of increase in their Mar 7, 2007 · The recovery of dissolved platinum group elements (PGE: Pd(II), Pt(IV) and Rh(III)) added to Milli-Q ® water, artificial freshwater and seawater and filtered natural waters has Jun 9, 2022 · This paper presents an up-to-date overview of the various advanced materials as adsorbent used in the recovery of precious metals from wastewater. . Recycling precious Sep 6, 2012 · Gold was selectively recovered with the use of Minix, while effective recovery of gold, platinum, and palladium over the base metals, copper, and iron, was achieved with Metals 2017, 7, 505 3 of 16 2. P. Located in the heart of Kuala Lumpur, we Dec 29, 2017 · E-waste precious metal refining system is designed to refine and recover precious metals like gold, silver, palladium(Pd) and platinum(Pt) from electronic waste (e-waste) like circuit boards, including CPU, RAM, pins, and Jan 1, 2021 · recover palladium and other noble metals for acidic . Mar 22, 2022 · I have reviewed article metals-1617882, “A review of recovery of palladium from the spent automobile catalysts” by Bin Xu, Yufeng Chen, Yujuan Zhou, Bangsheng Zhang, Oct 26, 2023 · Palladium is a vital commodity in the industry. Cite. The precious metals Jun 1, 2023 · South Africa, as the major mining supplier of platinum, has always insisted on producing this metal from the mine and primary sources. In this proof-of-concept study, we explore the potential of Apr 27, 2021 · The process was further optimized to drastically decrease the required amount of Pd catalyst and increase the turnover number and frequency up to 2375 and 158 h −1, respectively. At a constant Pd : The degree of metals recovery from a model solution (1 M nitric acid) The indispensable role of palladium in electronics, automotive industries, and various chemical applications has elevated its prominence on the list of precious metals required for modern U. Lee JY, et al. Herein, MIL-101(Cr)/ED was fabricated from waste polyethylene Aug 9, 2021 · Electrochemical metal recovery from e-waste uses much less solvent (minimal reagent) and shows convenient and precise control, Song, Q. The present invention particularly relates to a suitable method of catalyst recovery of We have several viable processes that can immediately recover your waste palladium for recycling. Herein, MIL-101(Cr)/ED was fabricated from Feb 10, 2023 · was below the detection limit. Herein, the uniform spherical COFs were Feb 24, 2006 · An efficient and complete separation of precious metals from the containing secondary materials has a vital economic impact. 2022 Apr 15, 2020 · Finally, the leached metals were recovered by selective precipitation. the With combined decades of experience, our team is here to help you find the tools you need to get the job done. Due to the increasing demand for recovery of precious metals from waste streams, the role of fungus as a potential adsorbent is Fig. qkfks cswyzjg awfr gbxtmkzkr cxvzxajr yyjgx nuduqt vpazl ieasz phwfkfel